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The Česká zbrojovka vzor 1952 (Czech Arms Factory model 1952) or CZ-52 is one of very few pistols to incorporate a roller-locked design that is more commonly found on machine guns.

When the former nation of Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic) was a member of the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet Union insisted that its smaller allies adopt Soviet-designed weapons and ammunition. In partial defiance of the Soviet desire to standardize on the TT-33 pistol and 7.62x25 Tokarev cartridge, Czechoslovakia instead designed a new pistol to shoot the small-bore, high-velocity Tokarev round.

The CZ-52 is a single-action, semi-automatic (self-loading) pistol. It uses an eight-round, single-stack magazine. The barrel is 120mm (4.72 inches) long. The safety lever can be set to safe, fire, and decock. Guns are usually finished in a dull, grey phosphate coating. The bakelite grip are held in place by a clip.

Two steps in the disassembly of the CZ-52 require a tool: removing grips from the frame and removing the barrel from the slide.